Polishing and buffing are two distinct processes used to enhance the appearance and finish of a surface. While they share some similarities, there are key differences between the two processes:
 

Polishing: Polishing is the process of refining a surface by removing imperfections, scratches, and dullness to achieve a smooth and shiny finish. It is typically performed using abrasive materials, such as polishing compounds or pastes, along with a polishing wheel or pad. Polishing is commonly used to restore the shine to surfaces that have lost their luster or to prepare surfaces for additional treatments like waxing or coating. The process involves removing a thin layer of the surface material through abrasive action, resulting in a smoother and more reflective surface.
 

Buffing: Buffing is the process of using a buffing wheel or pad, along with buffing compounds, to create a high-gloss finish on a surface. Unlike polishing, buffing does not involve the removal of material but rather smoothes out the surface by mechanical action and friction. Buffing is often the final step in a surface finishing process and is commonly used in automotive detailing, woodworking, and metalworking to achieve a mirror-like shine. Buffing compounds, which may be abrasive or non-abrasive, are applied to the rotating buffing wheel or pad, and the surface is gently rubbed against it to produce a glossy, reflective finish.
 

In summary, polishing involves the removal of material to refine a surface and restore its shine, while buffing focuses on creating a high-gloss finish by mechanical action and friction without removing material. Both processes can be used separately or in combination to achieve the desired surface appearance and quality, and the choice between polishing and buffing depends on the specific requirements of the material and the desired final result.